Tooth agenesis is the one of the most common anomaly of the human dentition. The etiology is genetic and clinically heterogeneous. Two genes have been identified as causing this condition namely, MSX1 and PAX9, both have been associated with two different types of tooth agenesis. The MSX1 (muscle segment homeobox 1) gene is a member of MSX family and has a critical role in odontogenesis and craniofacial skeleton. Mutations in MSX1 coding regions cause tooth agenesis affecting preferential premolars, mutations in PAX9 coding regions causes preferential tooth agenesis of molars. The aim of our study was to assess whether a mutation in MSX1 is responsible for the lower premolar hypodontia affecting an 11-year-old boy and his 35-year-old mother both from a family with autosomal dominant inheritance model of dental agenesia.

Noemi Meszaros, Nicoleta Andrescu, Monica Stoian, D. Belengeanu

The aim of the study is to examine clinically and to assess the quality of the esthetic coronal dental restorations. Material and method: The study has been performed on 175 patients aged between 18 and 73, who attended consultation and treatment. Eight hundred and eight esthetic restorations were examined and data regarding their quality according to their age was recorded. Results: We found that most (40,23%) of the 808 composite restorations had been applied to individuals aged between 26 and 45. According to the type of the cavity in which these had been applied, most of the deficiencies were found in cavities of class 3 (31,67%). Conclusions: The composite materials proved to be durable materials of good quality. The deficiencies found could be due to the non-compliance with the correct technique of the cavity preparation or in applying the restorations. Replacement of the composite restorations was made upon request or other reasons (secondary caries, color change, inflammation of the gum).

Ileana Roman, M. Pop, Anca Torcătoru, Csilla Benedek, Imola Buka

The purpose of the study was to evaluate, in a clinical study, the deterioration of glass ionomer cements used with the atraumatic restorative treatment technique or approach. The restorations were placed in 25 adult patients, mainly in small occlusal preparations in molar teeth. Photographs, radiographs and replicas were obtained at baseline and subsequent recalls.The cements showed early high losses of sealant and restorative material. Restoration failures of 7% were from wear and fracture of the cements and reccurent caries.  Although the short-term clinical performance of the glass ionomer cements was resonable, the materials require further improvements in their mechanical properties.

Gabriela Bereşescu, I. Bocskay

The purpose of the study was to determine (evaluate) the prelevance of developmental absence of second premolars and lateral incisors. We have chosen a study group of 400 children between 12 and 18 years as a first part of the study. At the end of the study, the group will comprise 1000 children. After a preliminary examination we used panoramic radiographs of the children who presented missing teeth. The prelevance of congenital absence was calculated by tooth type and sex. Results were compared to data from international literature.

E. Bud

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of two obturation methods: lateral condensation and vertical compaction. 15 human teeth were prepared for in vitro experiment. All canals were instrumented and obturation performed for two groups of cases. Time for vertical compaction was longer then for lateral condensation. To quantify the amount of micro leakage on the teeth, a coloring method was performed for the evidence of methylene blue dye leakage. After immersion in the dye, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicroscope and micro leakage recorded in mm. Overfilling of obturation sealer was observed in all cases of canal obturation, but was just a little amount. No gutapercha overfill was made. This clinical investigation showed no statistically significant difference micro leakage after endodontic treatment using lateral or vertical condensation filling techniques. Although the dye penetration was 100%, indicated the presence of methylene blue in the canal, it is a small indicatory to say if technique or material will be successful.

R.M. Sireteanu Cucui

Introduction: In the present study we comparatively assessed by scanning electronomicroscopy (SEM) different root surfaces debrided in vitro by ultrasonic, sonic and manual devices. Material and method: In the study we used 8 extracted teeth, grouped into 4 categories: group A with teeth covered by calculus; group B consisting of teeth cleaned by sonic device, group C debrided manually and group D with teeth cleaned by ultrasonics. On the SEM images we analized smoothness, the presence of level changes or calculus  residues. Results: Group A offered images of extremely uneven, porous surfaces, scattered by craters and tunnels. Group B showed abundant calculus residues, significant changes of level, craters and grooves. Group C indicated smooth surfaces, with small amounts of mineralized structures and at group D we noticed the presence of significant residues of calculus, accompanied by reduced changes of level in cementum. Conclusions: None of the tested scaling method offered a completely calculus removal, but manual scaling offered superior results, comparing to sonic and ultrasonic cleaning.

Blanka Petcu, Ş. Bocskay, L. Barbu

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the influence of gingival alterations that occur in patients with diabetes mellitus on the amount of de novo plaque that forms during a 24 hours period of no oral hygiene. Material and methods. 49 subjects participated in this study, 20 healthy and 29 with diabetes mellitus type I. The condition of the gingiva and the presence of supragingival plaque were examined at 4 surfaces of each tooth, at a baseline examination. Than all patients were subjected to a professional tooth cleaning and instructed to refrain from any measure of oral hygiene for the next 24 hours. After this period the examination were repeated. Results. The clinical measurements revealed that during a 24 hours period of no tooth cleaning subjects with diabetes mellitus formed generally more plaque than healthy subjects. It was found more frequently on tooth surfaces adjacent to sites with gingivitis. Conclusions. The condition of the gingival plays an important role for de novo plaque formation. Patients with diabetes mellitus have more sites with inflamed gingival tissue, which favors plaque accumulation.

Adriana Monea, A. Monea

Cristina Molnar-Varlam, A. Monea

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of composites and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements for restorations class V lesions in anterior teeth for a three year period. A total of 90 restorations were placed in 42 patients, 18-56 aged. Class V restorations were placed just in anterior teeth. Patients with restorations were recalled at 6 months, 1 year, 2 year and 3 year and evaluated for the following variable: anatomic form, color match, marginal adaptation, retention, marginal discoloration, surface stain, secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity, polishability using USPHS evaluation system- Modified Ryge clinical evaluation criteria. The restorations were statistically evaluated. In general, almost all restorations were clinical satisfactory after 3 year, with no significant differences among aterials group.

Diana Cerghizan, S. Popşor

Saliva is increasingly used for diagnosis in different medical branches. Changes in salivary flow are relatively easy to measure. It was a first parameter used to study the association between stress and changes in the mouth. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of the dental anxiety on salivary flow rate, and to point out a simple parameter for determining the level of anxiety. For this study we used a control group and case group in which we assessed the amount of saliva in two stages: before treatment and in time of treatment within a standardized protocol. The results show that patients with dental anxiety present an increased amount of saliva in the presence of stress in dental medicine practice. Results from literature are largely similar to those recorded in our study.

Claudia Şoaita, S. Popşor

ABSTRACT
Orthodontic treatment directly affects the occlusion and the maxillary skeletal relations, in order to get optimal esthetic and functional results. Our goal was to elaborate and implement in practice an objective evaluation protocol for changes made during different phases of orthodontic treatment. The study was realized on 15 patients referred to the orthodontic department by other dentists for orthodontic treatment. All patients had various dento-maxillar anomalies. T-Scan III 5.0 system was used to record occlusal time, occlusal force and occlusal contact area. For the parameters taken into account the mean we found 0.519 s for occlusion time, 76.24 for occlusal force and 67.2 mm2 for occlusal contact and a strong association between occlusion time and occlusal force, but a very weak between occlusion time and occlusal contact area. The occlusal analysis computed method is of an important value during orthodontic treatment for monitoring occlusal changes and validation of therapeutic results from the occlusal point of view.